| P800 Simulation: The RTL/2 programming language |
RTL/2 was developed in the early seventies by ICI in the UK (ICI=Imperial Chemical Industries Ltd, since 2008 taken over by AkzoNobel) as a high-level language for process control applications and systems programming for (at that time) small computers. Those applications were mainly programmed at that time in assembly language and the industry was looking for methods to increase programmer productivity and program portability. Replacing the assembler by a higher level programming language for program development, which still was able to produce efficient code for a small computer, was a popular research topic. The development of RTL/2 was one of the results of those efforts.
RTL/2 was available for the various mini and larger computers (e.g. the Digital PDP11 and VAX) and also for the Philips P800. Compilers were made to run either under DOS or MAS.
RTL/2 running under MAS
In the picture above the line printer window shows a simple "hello world" RTL/2 program just to show the compilation, link and execution of an RTL/2 program.
Define and start the Background Machine (MAS rel. 9 -- P85x under Windows 7.1)
==============================================================================
MACH-ID: SYSTEM DATE : 04/ 04/ 17
:JOB SYSTEM
%%BMS
DCB 16
FCD /C0
FCD /F0,/C0,SUPERV
FCD /F1,/C0,TCE
FCD /F2,/C0,MAS900
FCD 1,TY08
FCD 2,LP07
FCD 3,PR20
FCD /E0,TY08
FCD /E1,TY08
DEN
BYE BATCH
Start a Batch session
=====================
:JOB THEO
DATE :APR 04 17 // TIME : 20H.47M.00S.
** BCP RELEASE 9.0 85-10-08
LIB
DATE :APR 04 17 // TIME : 20H.47M.00S.
LIBRARIAN REL 09 (12 12 85)
PRD
LABEL = MAS900-1 TCE DATE = 05 10 99 80M PACK NBR = 0009
DAD TCE LIBRARY DIRECTORY OF USER THEO
FILE NAME TYPE VERS DATE ADDR ORG ATTRIBUTES
SQRT LM 0 16 02 17 0020 NC SH
TSQRT2 SC 0 16 02 17 0018 NC SH
STOP SC 0 24 03 17 0040 NC SH
STOP LM 0 24 03 17 0050 NC SH
LDT04 SC 0 21 02 17 01B8 NC SH
LDT04 LM 0 21 02 17 00B0 NC SH
Read the source of the "hello world" RTL/2 program from papertape to disk
=========================================================================
ASG 3,PR20
ASG /10,TYPE=SC
CSF INAM=3,ONAM=/10
KPF /10,TYPE=SC,FNAM=HELLO
PRD
LABEL = MAS900-1 TCE DATE = 05 10 99 80M PACK NBR = 0009
DAD TCE LIBRARY DIRECTORY OF USER THEO
FILE NAME TYPE VERS DATE ADDR ORG ATTRIBUTES
SQRT LM 0 16 02 17 0020 NC SH
TSQRT2 SC 0 16 02 17 0018 NC SH
STOP SC 0 24 03 17 0040 NC SH
STOP LM 0 24 03 17 0050 NC SH
HELLO SC 0 04 04 17 0010 NC SH
LDT04 SC 0 21 02 17 01B8 NC SH
LDT04 LM 0 21 02 17 00B0 NC SH
Print the RTL/2 source
======================
PRF HELLO,TYPE=SC
000000 IDENT HELLO
000001 TITLE HELLO WORLD;
000002 LET NL=10;
000003 LET FF=12;
000004 SVC DATA RRSIO;
000005 PROC() BYTE IN;
000006 PROC(BYTE) OUT;
000007 ENDDATA;
000008 EXT PROC(REF ARRAY BYTE) TWRT;
000009 EXT PROC (INT) PROC (BYTE) RROPO,RROPOS;
000010 EXT PROC (PROC (BYTE)) RRCLSO;
000011
000012 ENT PROC RRJOB() INT;
000013 PROC(BYTE) TYOUT:=RROPOS(1),LPOUT:=RROPO(2);
000014 OUT:=LPOUT;
000015 OUT(FF);
000016 TWRT ("HELLO WORLD 1#NL#");
000017 OUT:=TYOUT;
000018 TWRT ("HELLO WORLD 2#NL#");
000019 RRCLSO(TYOUT);
000020 RRCLSO(LPOUT);
000021 RETURN(1);
000022 ENDPROC;
Compile the program (%% RTLD catalogued procedure is used)
==========================================================
%%RTLD F1,THEO,HELLO,SC
ASG FCOD=/D4,FNAM=HELLO,DAD=/F1,TYPE=SC,USID=THEO,WPRO=YES,VERS=0
ASG FCOD=/BF,TYPE=SC,NBGR=1,CONS=NO,DAD=/F1
ASG FCOD=/BD,TYPE=UF,NBGR=1,CONS=NO,DAD=/F1
ASG FCOD=/BE,TYPE=UF,NBGR=1,CONS=NO,DAD=/F1
RTL DUMP=NO
DATE :APR 04 17 // TIME : 20H.47M.00S.
RTL/2 PHILIPS P800 - S.P.L. 1.04-8701 352 81040-80/03/17-NLHA
0 IDENT HELLO
1 TITLE HELLO WORLD;
2 LET NL=10;
3 LET FF=12;
4 SVC DATA RRSIO;
5 PROC() BYTE IN;
6 PROC(BYTE) OUT;
7 ENDDATA;
8 EXT PROC(REF ARRAY BYTE) TWRT;
9 EXT PROC (INT) PROC (BYTE) RROPO,RROPOS;
10 EXT PROC (PROC (BYTE)) RRCLSO;
11
12 ENT PROC RRJOB() INT;
13 PROC(BYTE) TYOUT:=RROPOS(1),LPOUT:=RROPO(2);
14 OUT:=LPOUT;
15 OUT(FF);
16 TWRT ("HELLO WORLD 1#NL#");
17 OUT:=TYOUT;
18 TWRT ("HELLO WORLD 2#NL#");
19 RRCLSO(TYOUT);
20 RRCLSO(LPOUT);
21 RETURN(1);
22 ENDPROC;
** COMPILED AS SYSTEMS MODULE **
**FRONTEND MESSAGES**
*WARNING MESSAGES*
ON LINE AT SYMBOL LAST IDENTIFIER NO. ERROR MESSAGE
14 ; LPOUT 201 TAKING OUT OF SCOPE ?
17 ; TYOUT 201 TAKING OUT OF SCOPE ?
THE FOLLOWING IDENTIFIERS HAVE NOT BEEN REFERENCED :
IN IN RRSIO
**
*USE OF RESOURCES*
RESOURCE MAX USED
IDENTIFIERS 400 12
AT BRICK LEVEL 250 8
IDENTIFIER NAMES 250 12
NAME CHARACTERS 1500 50
GENERATED LABELS 32367 0
CONSTANT POOL 1000 7
STRING POOL 3000 34
ARRAY BOUNDS 50 0
MODE INFORMATION 500 42
*IDENTIFIER CONCORDANCE*
LINE OF SPECIFICATION OF EXT NAMES, MODES AND COMPONENTS NOT INCLUDED
IDENTIFIER : LINE NUMBERS
FF : *ILL DEFINED OR REPLACED LET NAME*
IN IN RRSIO : NOT USED
LPOUT IN RRJOB : 13 14 20
NL : *ILL DEFINED OR REPLACED LET NAME*
OUT IN RRSIO : 14 15 17
RRCLSO : 19 20
RRJOB : 12
RROPO : 13
RROPOS : 13
RRSIO : NOT USED
TWRT : 16 18
TYOUT IN RRJOB : 13 17 19
**
BRICKL SIZE HEX
R:POOL 32 20
R:REAL 0 0
RRJOB 138 8A
'TOTAL' 170 AA
COMPILATION OK
:EOF
EXIT CODE= /00
REF FCOD=/BF
Output of the compiler is an assembly source program: assemble
==============================================================
ASM
DATE :APR 04 17 // TIME : 20H.47M.00S.
ASM RELEASE 9.0 851031
OPT PROG=/BF,LIST=YES
00000 IDENT HELLO
00001 ENTRY RRJOB
00002 EXTRN RRSIO,TWRT,RROPO,RROPOS
00003 EXTRN RRCLSO
00004 EXTRN R:R01,R:R02,R:R03,R:R04,R:R05,R:R06,R:R07,R:R08
00005 EXTRN R:R09,R:R10,R:R11,R:R12,R:R13,R:R14,R:R15,R:R16
00006 EXTRN R:R17,R:R18,R:R19,R:R20,R:R21,R:R22,R:R23,R:R24
00007 EXTRN R:R25,R:R26,R:R27,R:R28
00008 EXT DATA RRSIO
00009 0 IN
00010 2 OUT
00011 BYPR FORM 8,8
00012 R:POOL EQU * STRING POOL
00013 0000 000E DATA 14
00014 0002 4845 DATA 'HELLO WORLD '
0004 4C4C
0006 4F20
0008 574F
000A 524C
000C 4420
00015 000E 310A BYPR /31,/A
00016 0010 000E DATA 14
00017 0012 4845 DATA 'HELLO WORLD '
0014 4C4C
0016 4F20
0018 574F
001A 524C
001C 4420
00018 001E 320A BYPR /32,/A
00019 * TITLE HELLO WORLD;
00020 * TITLE HELLO WORLD;
00021 RRJOB EQU *
00022 * ENT BRICK RRJOB
00023 R:367 EQU *
00024 FFFE TYOUT
00025 FFFC LPOUT
00026 0020 F621 CF A6,R:R01
0022 0000 X
00027 0024 0007 DATA 7
00028 0026 0401 LDK A4,/1 13 CONSTACC
00029 0028 8453 ST A4,/FFFA,A12 13 DUMPR
002A FFFA
00030 002C 8612 LDR A6,A12 13 LITCALL RROPOS
00031 002E 1E08 SUK A6,8
00032 0030 F621 CF A6,RROPOS
0032 0000 X
00033 0034 8153 ST A1,/FFFE,A12 13 STORR TYOUT
0036 FFFE
00034 0038 0402 LDK A4,/2 13 CONSTACC
00035 003A 8453 ST A4,/FFFA,A12 13 DUMPR
003C FFFA
00036 003E 8612 LDR A6,A12 13 LITCALL RROPO
00037 0040 1E08 SUK A6,8
00038 0042 F621 CF A6,RROPO
0044 0000 X
00039 0046 8153 ST A1,/FFFC,A12 14 STRER LPOUT
0048 FFFC
00040 004A 8157 ST A1,RRSIO+/2,A13 15 STORR OUT
004C 0002 X
00041 004E 040C LDK A4,/C 15 CONSTACC
00042 0050 8453 ST A4,/FFFA,A12 15 DUMPR
0052 FFFA
00043 0054 8612 LDR A6,A12 15 FCALL OUT
00044 0056 1E08 SUK A6,8
00045 0058 F657 CFI A6,RRSIO+/2,A13
005A 0002 X
00046 005C 8420 LDKL A4,R:POOL+/1 16 ACCESS
005E 0001 R
00047 0060 8453 ST A4,/FFFA,A12 16 DUMPR
0062 FFFA
00048 0064 8612 LDR A6,A12 16 LITCALL TWRT
00049 0066 1E08 SUK A6,8
00050 0068 F621 CF A6,TWRT
006A 0000 X
00051 006C 8452 LD A4,/FFFE,A12 18 FETCH TYOUT
006E FFFE
00052 0070 8457 ST A4,RRSIO+/2,A13 18 STORE OUT
0072 0002 X
00053 0074 8420 LDKL A4,R:POOL+/11 18 ACCESS
0076 0011 R
00054 0078 8453 ST A4,/FFFA,A12 18 DUMPR
007A FFFA
00055 007C 8612 LDR A6,A12 18 LITCALL TWRT
00056 007E 1E08 SUK A6,8
00057 0080 F621 CF A6,TWRT
0082 0000 X
00058 0084 8452 LD A4,/FFFE,A12 19 FETCH TYOUT
0086 FFFE
00059 0088 8453 ST A4,/FFFA,A12 19 DUMPR
008A FFFA
00060 008C 8612 LDR A6,A12 19 LITCALL RRCLSO
00061 008E 1E08 SUK A6,8
00062 0090 F621 CF A6,RRCLSO
0092 0000 X
00063 0094 8452 LD A4,/FFFC,A12 20 FETCH LPOUT
0096 FFFC
00064 0098 8453 ST A4,/FFFA,A12 20 DUMPR
009A FFFA
00065 009C 8612 LDR A6,A12 20 LITCALL RRCLSO
00066 009E 1E08 SUK A6,8
00067 00A0 F621 CF A6,RRCLSO
00A2 0000 X
00068 00A4 0101 LDK A1,/1 22 ACCR
00069 00A6 8F20 ABL R:R02
00A8 0000 X
00070 * USES : RROPOS,RROPO,TWRT,RRCLSO
00071 END
SYMBOL TABLE
RRJOB 0020 R RRSIO X TWRT X RROPO X
RROPOS X RRCLSO X R:R01 X R:R02 X
R:R03 X R:R04 X R:R05 X R:R06 X
R:R07 X R:R08 X R:R09 X R:R10 X
R:R11 X R:R12 X R:R13 X R:R14 X
R:R15 X R:R16 X R:R17 X R:R18 X
R:R19 X R:R20 X R:R21 X R:R22 X
R:R23 X R:R24 X R:R25 X R:R26 X
R:R27 X R:R28 X R:POOL 0000 R R:367 0020 R
ASS.ERR. 00000
:EOF
EXIT CODE= /00
LIB
DATE :APR 04 17 // TIME : 20H.47M.00S.
LIBRARIAN REL 09 (12 12 85)
LEN
EXIT CODE= /00
SCR FCOD=/BF %
SCR FCOD=/BF
SCR FCOD=/BE
SCR FCOD=/BD
SCR FCOD=/D4
PEND
Save the object module as created by the assembler
==================================================
LIB
DATE :APR 04 17 // TIME : 20H.47M.00S.
LIBRARIAN REL 09 (12 12 85)
KOM DAD=/F1,USID=THEO,FCOD=/D5,LIBR=HELLO
PRD
LABEL = MAS900-1 TCE DATE = 05 10 99 80M PACK NBR = 0009
DAD TCE LIBRARY DIRECTORY OF USER THEO
FILE NAME TYPE VERS DATE ADDR ORG ATTRIBUTES
SQRT LM 0 16 02 17 0020 NC SH
TSQRT2 SC 0 16 02 17 0018 NC SH
STOP SC 0 24 03 17 0040 NC SH
STOP LM 0 24 03 17 0050 NC SH
HELLO SC 0 04 04 17 0010 NC SH <<== source
LDT04 SC 0 21 02 17 01B8 NC SH
LDT04 LM 0 21 02 17 00B0 NC SH
HELLO OB 0 04 04 17 0028 NC SH <<== object
LEN
EXIT CODE= /00
SCR /D5
Link the program
================
INC LIBR=RTLLIB,MNAM=RRBPGA,USID=MASUP; <<== base program
INC LIBR=HELLO,USID=THEO,DAD=/F1
LKE
DATE :APR 04 17 // TIME : 20H.47M.00S.
OVERLAY LINKAGE EDITOR REL 09.00 (31 10 85)
OPT STAD=RRSTR,CATL=HELLO,MAP=YES,SLIB=RTLLIB
START = 000C LENGTH =2DB4 REGION =2F1E
*** OVERLAY STRUCTURE ***
*** LEVEL # 0 ***
SEGMENT # 00 ADDRESS = 0008 SECTOR # 0000 ASCENDANT # FF
RRBPGA 0008 HELLO 0018 RTLR01 00C2 SLRTW 00FA
RRSIO 013A RRBPGB 0F7A RTLR00 2D36 RTLR09 2D4A
RRBUFF 2D6E
*** SYMBOL TABLE ***
A 00 0000 F:FCT E 00 2D36 R:R00 E 00 00C2 R:R01 E 00 00F2 R:R02
E 00 2D4A R:R09 E 00 2D64 R:R10 A 00 000C RRACTV A 00 0017 RRASG
A 00 000E RRATDE E 00 2BA4 RRBPUB A 00 001A RRCANR E 00 0D72 RRCLSI
E 00 0DC6 RRCLSO A 00 0007 RRCNAB A 00 0014 RRCNLE A 00 000A RRCNTI
A 00 0015 RRDCLE A 00 000B RRDCTI A 00 0018 RRDEL A 00 000F RRDTDE
A 00 000E RRERR A 00 0018 RRERRX A 00 0012 RREVEN A 00 0003 RREXIT
E 00 2D6E RRGBF E 00 2A54 RRGEL A 00 001A RRIODT A 00 0001 RRIOLK
E 00 2CFA RRIPF E 00 0038 RRJOB A 00 0009 RRLDSE E 00 2D2C RRNUL
E 00 2D14 RROPF E 00 01B0 RROPI A 00 0019 RROPMS E 00 01F6 RROPO
E 00 0234 RROPOS E 00 0BE2 RRORDI E 00 0C98 RRORDO A 00 0006 RRPAUS
E 00 2DA0 RRRBF A 00 0006 RRSED A 00 0002 RRSIO A 00 0008 RRSTK
E 00 000C RRSTR A 00 000D RRSWIT A 00 0011 RRTIME A 00 0002 RRWAIT
A 00 0016 RRWTIM E 00 00FA TWRT A 00 0000 W:FCT
:EOF
EXIT CODE= /00
LIB
DATE :APR 04 17 // TIME : 20H.47M.00S.
LIBRARIAN REL 09 (12 12 85)
PRD
LABEL = MAS900-1 TCE DATE = 05 10 99 80M PACK NBR = 0009
DAD TCE LIBRARY DIRECTORY OF USER THEO
FILE NAME TYPE VERS DATE ADDR ORG ATTRIBUTES
SQRT LM 0 16 02 17 0020 NC SH
TSQRT2 SC 0 16 02 17 0018 NC SH
STOP SC 0 24 03 17 0040 NC SH
STOP LM 0 24 03 17 0050 NC SH
HELLO SC 0 04 04 17 0010 NC SH <<== source
LDT04 SC 0 21 02 17 01B8 NC SH
LDT04 LM 0 21 02 17 00B0 NC SH
HELLO OB 0 04 04 17 0028 NC SH <<== object
HELLO LM 0 04 04 17 0060 NC SH <<== load module
LEN
EXIT CODE= /00
And run the program
===================
RUN HELLO
DATE :APR 04 17 // TIME : 20H.47M.00S.
HELLO WORLD 1 <<<<<======= output (the other printed line is on the console)
:EOF
EXIT CODE= /00
ELAPSED TIME =000001 PRINTED RECORDS =000004 PUNCHED RECORDS =000000
RTL/2 documentation
RTL/2 P800 runtime environment
Page last updated on: April 11 2017 | Contact: Info@theoengel.nl |